Nudge’s Philosophy or Why the Liberal State Needs Wooden Iron

Tatiana Tomova,
Elena Kalfova,
Simeon Petrov
Sofia University

https://doi.org/10.53656/phil2024-04S-01

Abstract. Nudge is a social innovation developed based on the achievements of behavioral science. According to this approach, when citizens make decisions about their behavior, they often react irrationally, based on heuristic factors related to their lives. Thus, collective goals are difficult to achieve, especially in conditions of unpredictability in social development and the prevailing influence of individualistic ideas. The nudge is a possible tool of modern politics that enables the liberal state to achieve collective goals and protect individual freedom simultaneously. This makes it a valid policy tool, despite the criticisms of individualist theories as well as defenders of traditional democracy.
Keywords: policy; policy tools; liberal state; individualistic values; policy effectiveness

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