Study on Pain Symptoms in Children with Deviations From Correct Posture After Application Of Therapeutic Swimming Means
Stefaniya Belomazheva-Dimitrova
St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Turnovo
Martin Stoychevski
PPMG “Academic Ivan Tsenov”, Vratsa, Bulgaria
https://doi.org/10.53656/str2025-2s-2-swi
Abstract. In many scientific reports, the object of research is the sport of swimming and its positive impact on human health. As a motor activity, it has great potential both for the prevention and treatment of various diseases, and over the years, the term therapeutic swimming has gained more and more popularity. Most scientific publications consider swimming as a therapeutic method for deviations from the correct body posture and spinal deformities, but there is a lack of data regarding the effect of swimming on pain symptoms in children with deviations from the correct body posture of primary school age. This provoked us to conduct a scientific experiment with children aged 7 – 10 years to establish the effect of therapeutic swimming on pain symptoms.
The present study aims to determine the influence of therapeutic swimming on pain symptoms in children with deviations from the correct body posture and spinal deformities.
The main research method is the Visual Analogue Scale for pain, which was applied in a state of rest and during movement.
Keywords:: body posture; spinal curvatures; pain; swimming; children
Theoretical Model for Multidisciplinarity in Basketball Training in the Professional Preparation of Physical Education and Sports
Iren Peltekova
Sofia University
https://doi.org/10.53656/str2025-2s-3-teo
Abstract.This article examines the possibilities for developing a strategic methodology concerning the interrelationship between teaching and the use of innovative educational technologies in basketball training for students who are future physical education and sports teachers. An author's theoretical model for training in basketball teaching methodology is proposed as an example, which contributes to increasing students' competencies – digital and professional. The structure of the theoretical model for basketball training with students is determined by three elements: goals, methods, and educational content. Methodological literature on basketball and feedback survey results were analyzed to measure the satisfaction of students who participated in the training. It was found that in the training in "physical education and sports", educational technologies are used mainly in terms of teaching methods, testing, and feedback between the teacher and the student. Students give excellent course assessments and are highly satisfied after the training.
Keywords: strategies; innovations; satisfaction; sports educators; students
The State of Inclusion in Adapted Basketball
Stefka Djobova
Ivelina Kirilova
National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”
https://doi.org/10.53656/str2025-2s-4-the
Abstract. This pilot study aims to comprehensively understand inclusion in adapted basketball and illuminate the path forward. A comparative quantitative methodology was employed, using predefined criteria such as accessibility, adaptation levels, and social inclusion. Mathematical-statistical analysis, descriptive statistics, and contextual evaluation were applied to assess participation rates, accessibility challenges, and community support. Data were sourced from international sports organizations. The methodology ensures a robust examination of structural, cultural, and logistical barriers, contributing to a deeper understanding of accessibility and inclusivity in adapted sports globally. Each variant of adapted basketball aims to ensure that everyone, regardless of their physical, cognitive or sensory abilities, can participate in and enjoy the game. Adapted basketball not only highlights athletic excellence but can also serve as a powerful tool for empowering individuals with disabilities, thereby facilitating their full inclusion as an integral part of society.
Keywords: adapted basketball; inclusion; unified sport
Swimming For University Students As A Leisure Physical Activity
Boryana Tumanova
Sofia University
https://doi.org/10.53656/str2025-2s-5-swi
Abstract. Sofia University does not have a clear and well-established system for the implementation of extracurricular activities in physical education and sports. The needs of the modern student for purposeful physical activity of this kind are not met. There is a discrepancy between the potential possibilities of properly and systematically organized extracurricular activities in physical education and sports and the practical results of their accidental implementation. At present, the problems facing physical education and sports at the University are diverse, considering them mainly as extremely insufficient, unsatisfactory sports and material base; inadequate acceptance of the discipline “Sport” by the management of the individual faculties and irregular attendance of sports classes by the students themselves.
The Sports Department of Sofia University has a theoretically grounded concept of the necessity, content, and forms of realization of the subject “sport”. However, there is not enough experimental data to justify a system of extracurricular activities in leisure time.
Keywords: sport; swimming; university students; leisure
Enhancing Fundamental Movement Skills in Early Childhood: a Collaborative Multi-Sport Intervention Programme in Slovenian Kindergartens
Miha Marinšek
University of Maribor
Klemen Bedenik
Association of Maribor Sports Clubs Brani
https://doi.org/10.53656/str2025-2s-6-enh
Abstract. The development of fundamental movement skills (FMS) in early childhood is crucial for lifelong physical activity. Despite its importance, structured interventions targeting FMS in early educational settings are limited in numbers. The present study examines the effectiveness of a 14-session collaborative, multi-sport intervention program in improving FMS among 270 Slovenian preschool children aged 4 – 6 years. The experimental group (n = 135) participated in eight FMS-focused sessions and six sport-specific sessions, while the control group (n = 135) followed the standard curriculum. FMS was assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 (TGMD-3) at baseline and post-intervention, whilst linear mixed models were employed to evaluate the program’s impact. Results showed statistically significant improvements in both locomotor and ball skills in the experimental group, with a moderate effect showing for locomotor skills and a small effect on ball skills. These findings highlight the potential of collaborative programs between educators and sports professionals to promote FMS in early childhood education.
Keywords: early childhood education; motor competence; physical literacy; community-based intervention; quasi-experimental design
The Impact of Age on Adult‘s Participation in Physical Activities during Leisure Time
Sivevska Despina
Goce Delcev University – Stip, N. Macedonia
Popeska Biljana
University of Luxembourg – Luxembourg;
Goce Delcev University – Stip, N. Macedonia
https://doi.org/10.53656/str2025-2s-7-imp
Abstract. One of the essential components of a healthy and high-quality lifestyle is reducing sedentary behaviour and engaging in physical activities during leisure time. Numerous studies have shown that increased physical activity during leisure time can significantly improve an individual’s quality of life. Regular physical activity has been recognized by its positive impact on physical, mental, and social well-being. Therefore, modern society must encourage healthy habit, includinge regular physical exercise during leisure time. Considering the importance of physical activity in leisure time in terms of promoting and preserving overall health, we conducted this study aimed to examine the relationship between age and the choice of physical activities during leisure time. A survey was conducted with 268 respondents over the age of 25. The goal was to assess how age influences the selection and frequency of physical activities and how this impacts overall quality of life. The results indicated that age does indeed influence the choice and frequency of physical activities during leisure time. Based on these findings, we believe that efforts should be made to raise awareness about the importance of physical activity, especially among older individuals. Additionally, providing various independent and organized physical activities and events can indirectly promote physical and mental well-being among individuals of all ages.
Keywords: physical activity; leisure time; age; activity
Implementing a Wellness Programme to Overweight Students and Working People through Training in the Methodology
Irina Nesheva,
Olga Bozhkova
National Sports Academy “V. Levski”
https://doi.org/10.53656/str2025-2s-8-imp
Abstract. Health Wellness is an approach to health that encompasses maintaining and improving physical, mental, and emotional well-being through proactive, positive, and holistic wellness practices. Because of the relevance of this contemporary global issue, the research is committed to the creation and validation of a holistic wellness methodology targeting overweight students and working people. Based on the analysis of current research and applying a competency-based approach, the aim is to create a comprehensive Wellness Yoga training program in individual or group classes. This holistic wellness program aims to provide a positive effect and highlight its importance in applying an interdisciplinary principle that combines knowledge and methodologies from different fields. A positive effect was found at the end of the program on the persons studied.
Keywords: health wellness; yoga practice; training; interdisciplinary holistic approach
The Hexaxial System in Physiology Training. Didactic Model
Petar Raychev
Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”
https://doi.org/10.53656/str2025-2s-9-hex
Abstract. In the higher education system, modern physiology courses play a crucial role in preparing future specialists in human and veterinary medicine, sports, and various areas of medical and biological sciences. Physiology is an experimental science and electrophysiological methods play a leading role in its development and application in practice. Electrocardiography is the most widely used electrophysiological method in clinical and sports physiology and medicine. For this reason, it is traditionally and invariably included in the teaching content of almost all modern physiology courses. From a didactic point of view, vector analysis in electrocardiography is one of the most problematic areas in physiology education. The conceptual apparatus and didactic approaches in the presentation of the hexaxial system and its application in the analysis and interpretation of electrocardiographic recordings are particularly important for the quality of the learning process. Based on a content analysis of contemporary educational literature, the study outlines important problematic points related to the applied conceptual apparatus in the didactic process of this topic. A didactic model aims to overcome the identified problems and increase the effectiveness of the physiology teaching process in its section on vector analysis in electrocardiography.
Keywords: physiology training; electrocardiography; human physiology; qualitative inspection method; hexaxial system; ECG vector analysis
On The Question Of Supporting Children With Special Educational Needs Through Additional Sports Activities
Stefan Miletiev,
Emil Ivanov
Sofia University
Department of Sports
https://doi.org/10.53656/str2025-2s-10-spe
Abstract.The article presents results oriented towards the preparation of students and teachers of physical education to work with children with special educational needs. Based on identified needs, opportunities are offered for implementing inclusive education through volunteer work. The aim is to expand the scope of volunteer activities to young people who are not specialists, but who volunteer to include children with special educational needs through additional sports activities. The understanding is advocated that targeted methodological training is necessary in connection with the possibilities of Adapted Physical Activity. Results from the activities of the Specialized Center for Training Volunteers to Participate in Sports Activities with Children and Youth with Disabilities are presented.
The methodology includes analysis, pedagogical experiment (formative stage), and modeling. Through the results of the study, real actions are taken to inform and include young people with different specialties in volunteer activities related to the integration of children and students with disabilities.
Keywords: children with disabilities; adapted physical activity; voluntary activities
Analysis Of The Existing Statistically Significant Difference Between The Indicators Of The Initial And Final Measurement After The Implementation of a Comprehensive Programme of Sport Improvement in Orienteering for Students From The Technical University of Sofia, Plovdiv Branch
Daniel Vladimirov
Technical university – Sofia
Plovdiv Branch
https://doi.org/10.53656/str2025-2s-11-dan
Abstract. From December 2016 to December 2018, a comprehensive study was conducted to analyze the results of an advanced orienteering training and training program introduced. A comparative analysis was also used in the analysis of the research results. To establish the existence of statistically reliable better results - a statistical difference within one group (in the first and the second study), the Student's t-test for dependent samples was used, i.e. t-test pairs of variables between the input and the final measurement for the variables presented (at t critical = 2.13, at α=0.05 for n=15).
The analysis results will show whether there is a statistically significant difference between the indicators of the initial and final measurement after implementing the complex program for conducting sports improvement in orientation among students from Technical University-Sofia, branch Plovdiv, participating in sports improvement in orientering.
Keywords: orienteering; training process; comparative analysis
Evaluation Of The Effect Of Circuit Training On Functional Abilities Among Students From Sofia University "St. Kl. Ohridski"
Nikoleta Angelova
Department of Sports, Sofia University
Dilyana Zajkova, Mihail Konchev
National Sports Academy “Vassil Levski”
https://doi.org/10.53656/str2025-2s-12-efe
Abstract. In recent years, there has been a trend for more and more students to express their desire for new and interesting activities focused on fitness disciplines. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of circuit training on the dynamics of motor skills and cardio-respiratory capacity in students from Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", Sofia. The training methodology included a complex of seven exercises, performed in three circles, loading the muscles of the body. To evaluate physical fitness, we used a standard Eurofit test battery, and the results obtained were analyzed according to the accompanying normative tables. We reported a statistically significant increase in strength endurance in the upper body, explosive strength of the lower limbs, cardio-respiratory endurance and spinal mobility in the women studied. The inclusion of a larger number of participants and long-term monitoring of the effects of circuit training on improving physical fitness in students in higher education institutions would refine the results.
Keywords: circuit training; physical fitness; motor skills; Eurofit battery
